关于C++构造析构顺序的总结
起因
之前对C++基类派生类构造函数和析构函数的调用顺序存在疑惑,因此写了个小程序验证一下。
代码
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
Base()
{
cout << "Base::Base()" << endl;
}
~Base() //case3
// virtual ~Base() //case4
{
cout << "Base::~Base()" << endl;
}
};
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
Derived()
{
cout << "Derived::Derived()" << endl;
}
~Derived()
{
cout << "Derived::~Derived()" << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
cout << "------case1: Base Object------------------------------" << endl;
Base *p = new Base();
delete p;
cout << "\n\n";
cout << "------case2: Derived Object---------------------------" << endl;
Derived *p3 = new Derived();
delete p3;
cout << "\n\n";
cout << "------case3/case4: Base pointer to Derived Object-----" << endl;
cout << "------(not virtual function/virtual function)---------" << endl;
Base *p2 = new Derived();
delete p2;
return 0;
}
输出
------case1: Base Object------------------------------
Base::Base()
Base::~Base()
------case2: Derived Object---------------------------
Base::Base()
Derived::Derived()
Derived::~Derived()
Base::~Base()
------case3: Base pointer to Derived Object-----
------(not virtual function)---------
Base::Base()
Derived::Derived()
Base::~Base()
------case4: Base pointer to Derived Object-----
------(virtual function)---------
Base::Base()
Derived::Derived()
Derived::~Derived()
Base::~Base()
分析
-
由case1可知,
基类对象在创建的时候会自动调用构造函数;
销毁时会自动调用析构函数。 -
由case2可知,
普通派生类对象在创建时会先自动调用基类构造函数,然后调用自身构造函数;
销毁时会先自动调用自身的析构函数,然后调用基类的析构函数。 -
由case3/case4可知,
基类指针指向的派生类对象在创建时先自动调用基类构造函数,然后调用自身构造函数;
销毁时先判断,
如果析构函数不是虚函数,则当做基类对象析构————自动调用基类析构函数,
如果析构函数是虚函数,则当做派生类对象————先自动调用派生类析构函数,然后调用基类构造函数。
结论
综上,派生类对象构造析构的过程是这样的:
创建对象时,调用的构造函数只跟创建的对象类型有关,
判断对象类型,
如果是基类对象,自动调用自身构造函数
如果是派生类对象,先自动调用基类构造函数,然后调用自身构造函数。
销毁对象时,调用的析构函数跟 析构函数是否是虚函数、指向它的指针类型 和 析构的对象类型有关
判断构造函数是否是为虚函数
如果构造函数不是虚函数,按照指针类型(静态类型)析构
如果指针类型是基类类型
如果指针类型是派生类类型
如果构造函数是虚函数,按照对象类型(动态类型)析构
如果析构对象是基类类型
如果析构对象是派生类类型
本文章迁移自http://blog.csdn.net/timberwolf_2012/article/details/40682855